HPBF - 提供读Microsoft Publisher格式档案的功能。 HSMF - 提供读Microsoft Outlook格式档案的功能。 參考实例 在web开发中,有一个经典的功能,就是数据的导入导出。特别是数据的导出,在生产管理或者財务系统中用的很普遍。由于这些系统常常要做一些报表打印的工作。而数据导出的格式通常是EXCEL或者PDF 首先我们来导出EXCEL格式的文件吧。
如今主流的操作Excel文件的开源工具有非常多,用得比較多的就是Apache的POI及JExcelAPI。
这里我们用Apache POI!
我们先去Apache的大本营下载POI的jar包:http://poi.apache.org/ 或者从我附件下载
- package org.leno.export.util;
- import java.util.Date;
- public class Student {
- private long id;
- private String name;
- private int age;
- private boolean sex;
- private Date birthday;
- public Student() {
- super();
- // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
- }
- public Student(long id, String name, int age, boolean sex, Date birthday) {
- super();
- this.id = id;
- this.name = name;
- this.age = age;
- this.sex = sex;
- this.birthday = birthday;
- }
- public long getId() {
- return id;
- }
- public void setId(long id) {
- this.id = id;
- }
- public String getName() {
- return name;
- }
- public void setName(String name) {
- this.name = name;
- }
- public int getAge() {
- return age;
- }
- public void setAge(int age) {
- this.age = age;
- }
- public boolean getSex() {
- return sex;
- }
- public void setSex(boolean sex) {
- this.sex = sex;
- }
- public Date getBirthday() {
- return birthday;
- }
- public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
- this.birthday = birthday;
- }
- }
- package org.leno.export.util;
- public class Book {
- private int bookId;
- private String name;
- private String author;
- private float price;
- private String isbn;
- private String pubName;
- private byte[] preface;
- public Book() {
- super();
- }
- public Book(int bookId, String name, String author, float price,
- String isbn, String pubName, byte[] preface) {
- super();
- this.bookId = bookId;
- this.name = name;
- this.author = author;
- this.price = price;
- this.isbn = isbn;
- this.pubName = pubName;
- this.preface = preface;
- }
- public int getBookId() {
- return bookId;
- }
- public void setBookId(int bookId) {
- this.bookId = bookId;
- }
- public String getName() {
- return name;
- }
- public void setName(String name) {
- this.name = name;
- }
- public String getAuthor() {
- return author;
- }
- public void setAuthor(String author) {
- this.author = author;
- }
- public float getPrice() {
- return price;
- }
- public void setPrice(float price) {
- this.price = price;
- }
- public String getIsbn() {
- return isbn;
- }
- public void setIsbn(String isbn) {
- this.isbn = isbn;
- }
- public String getPubName() {
- return pubName;
- }
- public void setPubName(String pubName) {
- this.pubName = pubName;
- }
- public byte[] getPreface() {
- return preface;
- }
- public void setPreface(byte[] preface) {
- this.preface = preface;
- }
- }
再看以下真正的重点类:
- package org.leno.export.util;
- import java.io.*;
- import java.lang.reflect.*;
- import java.util.*;
- import java.util.regex.Matcher;
- import java.util.regex.Pattern;
- import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
- import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
- import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.*;
- import org.apache.poi.hssf.util.HSSFColor;
- /**
- * 利用开源组件POI3.0.2动态导出EXCEL文档 转载时请保留下面信息。注明出处!
- *
- * @author leno
- * @version v1.0
- * @param <T>
- * 应用泛型。代表随意一个符合javabean风格的类
- * 注意这里为了简单起见。boolean型的属性xxx的get器方式为getXxx(),而不是isXxx()
- * byte[]表jpg格式的图片数据
- */
- public class ExportExcel<T> {
- public void exportExcel(Collection<T> dataset, OutputStream out) {
- exportExcel("測试POI导出EXCEL文档", null, dataset, out, "yyyy-MM-dd");
- }
- public void exportExcel(String[] headers, Collection<T> dataset,
- OutputStream out) {
- exportExcel("測试POI导出EXCEL文档", headers, dataset, out, "yyyy-MM-dd");
- }
- public void exportExcel(String[] headers, Collection<T> dataset,
- OutputStream out, String pattern) {
- exportExcel("測试POI导出EXCEL文档", headers, dataset, out, pattern);
- }
- /**
- * 这是一个通用的方法,利用了JAVA的反射机制,能够将放置在JAVA集合中而且符号一定条件的数据以EXCEL 的形式输出到指定IO设备上
- *
- * @param title
- * 表格标题名
- * @param headers
- * 表格属性列名数组
- * @param dataset
- * 须要显示的数据集合,集合中一定要放置符合javabean风格的类的对象。此方法支持的
- * javabean属性的数据类型有基本数据类型及String,Date,byte[](图片数据)
- * @param out
- * 与输出设备关联的流对象,能够将EXCEL文档导出到本地文件或者网络中
- * @param pattern
- * 假设有时间数据,设定输出格式。默觉得"yyy-MM-dd"
- */
- @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
- public void exportExcel(String title, String[] headers,
- Collection<T> dataset, OutputStream out, String pattern) {
- // 声明一个工作薄
- HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();
- // 生成一个表格
- HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet(title);
- // 设置表格默认列宽度为15个字节
- sheet.setDefaultColumnWidth(15);
- // 生成一个样式
- HSSFCellStyle style = workbook.createCellStyle();
- // 设置这些样式
- style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.SKY_BLUE.index);
- style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
- style.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
- style.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
- style.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
- style.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
- style.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
- // 生成一个字体
- HSSFFont font = workbook.createFont();
- font.setColor(HSSFColor.VIOLET.index);
- font.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 12);
- font.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD);
- // 把字体应用到当前的样式
- style.setFont(font);
- // 生成并设置还有一个样式
- HSSFCellStyle style2 = workbook.createCellStyle();
- style2.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.LIGHT_YELLOW.index);
- style2.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
- style2.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
- style2.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
- style2.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
- style2.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
- style2.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
- style2.setVerticalAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);
- // 生成还有一个字体
- HSSFFont font2 = workbook.createFont();
- font2.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_NORMAL);
- // 把字体应用到当前的样式
- style2.setFont(font2);
- // 声明一个绘图的顶级管理器
- HSSFPatriarch patriarch = sheet.createDrawingPatriarch();
- // 定义凝视的大小和位置,详见文档
- HSSFComment comment = patriarch.createComment(new HSSFClientAnchor(0,
- 0, 0, 0, (short) 4, 2, (short) 6, 5));
- // 设置凝视内容
- comment.setString(new HSSFRichTextString("能够在POI中加入凝视!"));
- // 设置凝视作者。当鼠标移动到单元格上是能够在状态栏中看到该内容.
- comment.setAuthor("leno");
- // 产生表格标题行
- HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(0);
- for (int i = 0; i < headers.length; i++) {
- HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i);
- cell.setCellStyle(style);
- HSSFRichTextString text = new HSSFRichTextString(headers[i]);
- cell.setCellValue(text);
- }
- // 遍历集合数据,产生数据行
- Iterator<T> it = dataset.iterator();
- int index = 0;
- while (it.hasNext()) {
- index++;
- row = sheet.createRow(index);
- T t = (T) it.next();
- // 利用反射。依据javabean属性的先后顺序,动态调用getXxx()方法得到属性值
- Field[] fields = t.getClass().getDeclaredFields();
- for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
- HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i);
- cell.setCellStyle(style2);
- Field field = fields[i];
- String fieldName = field.getName();
- String getMethodName = "get"
- + fieldName.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase()
- + fieldName.substring(1);
- try {
- Class tCls = t.getClass();
- Method getMethod = tCls.getMethod(getMethodName,
- new Class[] {});
- Object value = getMethod.invoke(t, new Object[] {});
- // 推断值的类型后进行强制类型转换
- String textValue = null;
- // if (value instanceof Integer) {
- // int intValue = (Integer) value;
- // cell.setCellValue(intValue);
- // } else if (value instanceof Float) {
- // float fValue = (Float) value;
- // textValue = new HSSFRichTextString(
- // String.valueOf(fValue));
- // cell.setCellValue(textValue);
- // } else if (value instanceof Double) {
- // double dValue = (Double) value;
- // textValue = new HSSFRichTextString(
- // String.valueOf(dValue));
- // cell.setCellValue(textValue);
- // } else if (value instanceof Long) {
- // long longValue = (Long) value;
- // cell.setCellValue(longValue);
- // }
- if (value instanceof Boolean) {
- boolean bValue = (Boolean) value;
- textValue = "男";
- if (!bValue) {
- textValue = "女";
- }
- } else if (value instanceof Date) {
- Date date = (Date) value;
- SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(pattern);
- textValue = sdf.format(date);
- } else if (value instanceof byte[]) {
- // 有图片时,设置行高为60px;
- row.setHeightInPoints(60);
- // 设置图片所在列宽度为80px,注意这里单位的一个换算
- sheet.setColumnWidth(i, (short) (35.7 * 80));
- // sheet.autoSizeColumn(i);
- byte[] bsValue = (byte[]) value;
- HSSFClientAnchor anchor = new HSSFClientAnchor(0, 0,
- 1023, 255, (short) 6, index, (short) 6, index);
- anchor.setAnchorType(2);
- patriarch.createPicture(anchor, workbook.addPicture(
- bsValue, HSSFWorkbook.PICTURE_TYPE_JPEG));
- } else {
- // 其他数据类型都当作字符串简单处理
- textValue = value.toString();
- }
- // 假设不是图片数据,就利用正則表達式推断textValue是否所有由数字组成
- if (textValue != null) {
- Pattern p = Pattern.compile("^//d+(//.//d+)?
{1}quot;"
); - Matcher matcher = p.matcher(textValue);
- if (matcher.matches()) {
- // 是数字当作double处理
- cell.setCellValue(Double.parseDouble(textValue));
- } else {
- HSSFRichTextString richString = new HSSFRichTextString(
- textValue);
- HSSFFont font3 = workbook.createFont();
- font3.setColor(HSSFColor.BLUE.index);
- richString.applyFont(font3);
- cell.setCellValue(richString);
- }
- }
- } catch (SecurityException e) {
- // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
- // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
- // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
- // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
- // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- } finally {
- // 清理资源
- }
- }
- }
- try {
- workbook.write(out);
- } catch (IOException e) {
- // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- // 測试学生
- ExportExcel<Student> ex = new ExportExcel<Student>();
- String[] headers = { "学号", "姓名", "年龄", "性别", "出生日期" };
- List<Student> dataset = new ArrayList<Student>();
- dataset.add(new Student(10000001, "张三", 20, true, new Date()));
- dataset.add(new Student(20000002, "李四", 24, false, new Date()));
- dataset.add(new Student(30000003, "王五", 22, true, new Date()));
- // 測试图书
- ExportExcel<Book> ex2 = new ExportExcel<Book>();
- String[] headers2 = { "图书编号", "图书名称", "图书作者", "图书价格", "图书ISBN",
- "图书出版社", "封面图片" };
- List<Book> dataset2 = new ArrayList<Book>();
- try {
- BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(
- new FileInputStream("book.jpg"));
- byte[] buf = new byte[bis.available()];
- while ((bis.read(buf)) != -1) {
- //
- }
- dataset2.add(new Book(1, "jsp", "leno", 300.33f, "1234567",
- "清华出版社", buf));
- dataset2.add(new Book(2, "java编程思想", "brucl", 300.33f, "1234567",
- "阳光出版社", buf));
- dataset2.add(new Book(3, "DOM艺术", "lenotang", 300.33f, "1234567",
- "清华出版社", buf));
- dataset2.add(new Book(4, "c++经典", "leno", 400.33f, "1234567",
- "清华出版社", buf));
- dataset2.add(new Book(5, "c#入门", "leno", 300.33f, "1234567",
- "汤春秀出版社", buf));
- OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("D://a.xls");
- OutputStream out2 = new FileOutputStream("D://b.xls");
- ex.exportExcel(headers, dataset, out);
- ex2.exportExcel(headers2, dataset2, out2);
- out.close();
- JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "导出成功!");
- System.out.println("excel导出成功!");
- } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
- // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
一下子蹦出来。实在让人吃不消。无论了。顶住看效果先。在本地执行后,我们发如今E://下生成了两份excel文件:学生记录和图书记录,而且中文。数字。颜色。日期,图片等等一且正常。恩,太棒了。有人看到这里開始苦脸了:喂。我怎么一执行就报错啊!呵呵,看看什么错吧!
哦。找不到文件,也就是说你没有book.jpg嘛。
好,拷贝一张小巧的图书图片命名为book.jpg放置到当前project下吧。
注意,您千万别把张桌面大小的图片丢进去了^_^。看到效果了吧。如今我们再来简单梳理一下代码,实际上上面就做了一个导出excel的方法和一个本地測试main()方法。而且代码的结构也非常清晰,仅仅是涉及的知识点略微多一点。
大家细心看看凝视。结合要完毕的功能。应该没有太大问题的。
好啦。吃杯茶,擦把汗,总算把这个类消化掉,你又进步了。
咦,你不是说是在WEB环境下导出的吗?别急。由于导出就是一个下载的过程。我们仅仅须要在server端写一个Jsp或者Servlet组件完毕输出excel到浏览器client的工作就好了。
我们以Servlet为例,还是看代码吧:
- package org.leno.export.util;
- import java.io.*;
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.List;
- import javax.servlet.ServletException;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
- /**
- * @author leno 使用servlet导出动态生成的excel文件。数据能够来源于数据库
- * 这样。浏览器client就能够訪问该servlet得到一份用java代码动态生成的excel文件
- */
- public class Export extends javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet {
- static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
- protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
- HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
- File file = new File(getServletContext()
- .getRealPath("WEB-INF/book.jpg"));
- response.setContentType("octets/stream");
- response.addHeader("Content-Disposition",
- "attachment;filename=test.xls");
- // 測试图书
- ExportExcel<Book> ex = new ExportExcel<Book>();
- String[] headers = { "图书编号", "图书名称", "图书作者", "图书价格", "图书ISBN", "图书出版社",
- "封面图片" };
- List<Book> dataset = new ArrayList<Book>();
- try {
- BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(
- new FileInputStream(file));
- byte[] buf = new byte[bis.available()];
- while ((bis.read(buf)) != -1) {
- // 将图片数据存放到缓冲数组中
- }
- dataset.add(new Book(1, "jsp", "leno", 300.33f, "1234567", "清华出版社",
- buf));
- dataset.add(new Book(2, "java编程思想", "brucl", 300.33f, "1234567",
- "阳光出版社", buf));
- dataset.add(new Book(3, "DOM艺术", "lenotang", 300.33f, "1234567",
- "清华出版社", buf));
- dataset.add(new Book(4, "c++经典", "leno", 400.33f, "1234567",
- "清华出版社", buf));
- dataset.add(new Book(5, "c#入门", "leno", 300.33f, "1234567",
- "汤春秀出版社", buf));
- OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();
- ex.exportExcel(headers, dataset, out);
- out.close();
- System.out.println("excel导出成功。");
- } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
- // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,
- HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
- doGet(request, response);
- }
- }
看看是不是下载成功了。
呵呵,您能够将下载到本地的excel报表用打印机打印出来,这样您就大功告成了。
完事了我们就思考:我们发现,我们做的方法。无论是本地调用。还是在WEBserver端用Servlet调用;无论是输出学生列表,还是图书列表信息。代码都差点儿一样。并且这些数据我们非常容器结合后台的DAO操作数据库动态获取。恩。类和方法的通用性和灵活性開始有点感觉
生成的两个excel文档内容分别例如以下,第一个是測试学生,第二个是測试图书。 这张有空姐为我们加油,亚麻带